| Horoscope |
|---|
|
|
|
| |
|
Mongolia Page |
Welcome to ElectionInfo.com's pages on Mongolia
Official Name: Mongolia
Capital: Ulaanbaatar
Area: 1,566,500 square kilometres ( 604,829 square miles )
Major cities (Population):Ulaanbaatar 573,000 (1990 estimate)
Population: 2,410,000 (1995 estimate)
Population growth rate: 2 per cent (1990-1995 average)
Type of government: Republic
Independence: 13 March 1921 (from China)
Constitution: Adopted 13 January 1992
Voting Rights: Universal at age 18
Government
Punsalmaagiyn Orchirbat is president and head of state, and Prime Minister Putsagiin Jasray was elected head of government in 1992. Mongolia’s 76-seat parliament is called the Great Hural. All citizens may vote at the age of 18. The country is divided into 21 provinces and one autonomous city—Ulaanbaatar.
Recent History
Chinese control of Mongolia lasted from 1644 until 1911, when the Qing dynasty collapsed and Outer Mongolia, supported by tsarist Russia, declared independence. Because the Eighth Living Buddha (head of the Buddhism religion in Mongolia) was the only unifying political and religious figure in the country, a theocratic monarchy was established under his leadership. It ended in 1919, when the Chinese invaded. At the beginning of 1921 the Chinese were driven from the capital by the White Russian army, which in July that year was itself ousted by the Red (Bolshevik) army in alliance with revolutionary Mongol forces led by Sukebaatar. When the Living Buddha died in 1924, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) declared a Communist people’s republic. The Communists destroyed the nobility and all organized religion; thousands died resisting the changes. A one-party state and centrally planned economy were established.
With communism’s collapse, beginning in 1989, calls for democracy grew, and in 1990 the first free elections were held. Mongolians elected their first president, Punsalmaagiyn Orchirbat, and a new bicameral parliament, in both houses of which the MPRP won a majority. Mongolia’s name was changed from the Mongolian People’s Republic to Mongolia in 1992, when the country opted for a single-chamber parliamentary democracy.
|
|
